Compliance Risk Index

The real data behind the standards we cover.

Every number below comes from a real federal dataset — the DOL Open Data Portal's OSHA citation records, EPA's RCRAInfo enforcement records, FMCSA's Safety Measurement System inspection data, CMS's nursing-home deficiency and penalty records, and now the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics — not an estimate. Five real, separately-scored tables, because each dataset measures a genuinely different thing and shouldn't be blended into one fake composite. The first four measure enforcement risk: how often something goes wrong doing this work. The BLS table measures something different and just as real — what the job actually pays and how many people work in it, which matters to anyone deciding whether an exam is worth studying for in the first place. EPA RCRA, CMS nursing-home, and BLS data are filterable by the 35 states CertQuestUSA has real state-specific exam coverage for.

Full sourcing, real update cadence, and exactly how every metric is computed live on the methodology page. Each dataset section below has a free CSV download and a ready-to-use citation block — no email required. Writing about this data? The press kit has pre-built, source-attributed chart images. Found an error in the data? Email us — we correct real mistakes fast.

Honest gap: OSHA Safety & Health, HIPAA/Healthcare Compliance, and Workplace Compliance/HR exams mostly have no real BLS ranking, because they're safety and compliance training taken across dozens of different occupations rather than a credential tied to one distinct job — there's no single, defensible occupation code for "people who need fall-protection training." FMCSA enforcement data is national-only (no state field in the ingested extract). OSHA enforcement coverage is federal 29 CFR only — state-plan citations (Cal/OSHA and other state programs run their own citation codes) aren't in that table, which is why several California-specific OSHA exams still show no real enforcement ranking. Nothing below is a stand-in for any of these gaps.

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EPA RCRA hazardous-waste violations

Ranked by real violation volume under each CFR part, 2023–present. Exposure is the real share of those violations at facilities EPA classifies as Small or Very-Small Quantity Generators (not the same thing as employee headcount). Avg. penalty is the real average Final Monetary Penalty among cited facilities with a recorded enforcement action — a facility-level correlation, not a strict per-violation attribution.

Standards for Generators of Hazardous Waste (40 CFR 262) drew 376,336 real violations — more than the next two combined.

Standards for Generators of Hazardous Waste

376,336

TSDF Standards (Permitted)

77,344

State-Specific Violation

59,181

TSDF Standards (Interim Status)

57,268

Standards for Used Oil Management

40,645

Standards for Universal Waste Management

32,568

Land Disposal Restrictions

28,641

Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste

10,468

#	CFR Part	What it covers	Volume ↓	Exposure	Avg. penalty	CQU exam
1	40 CFR 262	Standards for Generators of Hazardous Waste	376,336	61.6%	$49,038	EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Generator
2	40 CFR 264	TSDF Standards (Permitted)	77,344	34.1%	$93,771	no CQU exam yet
3	State-specific	State-Specific Violation	59,181	66.9%	$50,057	no CQU exam yet
4	40 CFR 265	TSDF Standards (Interim Status)	57,268	45.7%	$74,755	no CQU exam yet
5	40 CFR 279	Standards for Used Oil Management	40,645	77.8%	$57,779	no CQU exam yet
6	40 CFR 273	Standards for Universal Waste Management	32,568	61.6%	$45,269	EPA Universal Waste Handler
7	40 CFR 268	Land Disposal Restrictions	28,641	55.7%	$73,527	no CQU exam yet
8	40 CFR 261	Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste	10,468	82.9%	$38,783	no CQU exam yet
9	40 CFR 270	RCRA Permit Program	8,149	33.6%	$87,965	no CQU exam yet
10	40 CFR 263	Standards for Transporters of Hazardous Waste	6,835	62.2%	$49,692	no CQU exam yet
11	40 CFR PCR	40 CFR PCR	3,923	25.3%	$72,042	no CQU exam yet
12	40 CFR FSS	40 CFR FSS	3,829	66.3%	$62,825	no CQU exam yet
13	40 CFR FEA	40 CFR FEA	2,316	51.5%	$198,739	no CQU exam yet
14	40 CFR 266	Standards for Specific Waste Management	1,741	60.5%	$102,282	no CQU exam yet
15	40 CFR 260	Hazardous Waste Management System: General	90	31.6%	$30,882	no CQU exam yet

US EPA RCRAInfo (RCRA_VIOLATIONS, RCRA_FACILITIES, RCRA_ENFORCEMENTS) · violations since 2023-01-01, data last refreshed 2026-09-02

⬇ Download this dataset (CSV, free, no email required)

Cite this data

CertQuestUSA. (2026). EPA RCRA hazardous-waste violations [Data set]. Compliance Risk Index. https://certquestusa.com/risk-index#rcra

OSHA citations by standard

Ranked by real citation volume under each federal 29 CFR standard, 2023–present. Severity is the real share of those citations OSHA itself classified Serious, Willful, or Repeat. Avg. penalty is the real average initial penalty among citations of that standard with a recorded penalty amount. Exposure is the real share issued at an establishment the matching inspection record reported at under 100 employees. State-plan citations (Washington, Oregon, California and other state-run OSHA programs use their own citation codes, not 29 CFR numbers) are real but are a different citation system and aren't scored in this table.

Fall Protection: Duty to Have Fall Protection (29 CFR 1926.501) drew 31,167 real federal citations, the most of any row in this table.

Fall Protection: Duty to Have Fall Protection

31,167

Hazard Communication

29,155

Respiratory Protection

17,796

The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)

17,525

Ladders (Construction)

13,573

Powered Industrial Trucks

12,991

Fall Protection: Training Requirements

12,075

Scaffolds: General Requirements

11,628

#	29 CFR	What it covers	Volume ↓	Severity	Avg. penalty	Exposure	CQU exam
1	29 CFR 1926.501	Fall Protection: Duty to Have Fall Protection	31,167	96.1%	$7,356	99.1%	Fall Protection Competent Person
2	29 CFR 1910.1200	Hazard Communication	29,155	61.2%	$4,014	91%	Hazard Communication / GHS
3	29 CFR 1910.134	Respiratory Protection	17,796	70.4%	$5,113	87.3%	Respiratory Protection
4	29 CFR 1910.147	The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)	17,525	82.4%	$11,269	65.1%	LOTO Competent Person
5	29 CFR 1926.1053	Ladders (Construction)	13,573	91.8%	$4,298	99%	Ladder Safety
6	29 CFR 1910.178	Powered Industrial Trucks	12,991	62.8%	$6,486	82.8%	Forklift Operator
7	29 CFR 1926.503	Fall Protection: Training Requirements	12,075	69.2%	$4,547	99.5%	Fall Protection Competent Person
8	29 CFR 1926.451	Scaffolds: General Requirements	11,628	94.2%	$5,321	98.5%	Scaffold Competent Person
9	29 CFR 1910.303	29 CFR 1910.303	10,705	60.4%	$5,584	81.3%	no CQU exam yet
10	29 CFR 1910.305	29 CFR 1910.305	9,955	61.6%	$4,547	83.4%	no CQU exam yet
11	29 CFR 1910.212	Machine Guarding: General Requirements for All Machines	9,852	89.2%	$9,904	68.3%	Machine Guarding
12	29 CFR 1926.102	Eye and Face Protection (Construction)	8,836	96%	$3,856	99.5%	Eye & Face PPE
13	29 CFR 1910.132	Personal Protective Equipment: General Requirements	7,766	47.5%	$5,942	82.5%	Eye & Face PPE
14	29 CFR 1910.157	Portable Fire Extinguishers	7,390	39.7%	$3,967	87.8%	Portable Fire Extinguisher
15	29 CFR 1910.1030	Bloodborne Pathogens	5,292	75.3%	$4,505	82.5%	Bloodborne Pathogens
16	29 CFR 1910.37	29 CFR 1910.37	5,271	58.8%	$9,102	81.7%	no CQU exam yet
17	29 CFR 1926.20	29 CFR 1926.20	5,226	84.9%	$5,717	97.6%	no CQU exam yet
18	29 CFR 1926.100	29 CFR 1926.100	4,908	93.9%	$3,284	99.1%	no CQU exam yet
19	29 CFR 1910.22	Walking-Working Surfaces: General Requirements	4,785	68.6%	$7,508	73.8%	Walking-Working Surfaces
20	29 CFR 1910.28	Walking-Working Surfaces: Duty to Have Fall Protection	4,683	85.6%	$7,631	76.3%	Walking-Working Surfaces
21	29 CFR 1926.502	Fall Protection: Systems Criteria and Practices	4,348	87.6%	$5,534	97.5%	Fall Protection Competent Person
22	29 CFR 1926.651	Excavations: Specific Requirements	3,956	84.5%	$8,848	92.7%	Excavation Competent Person
23	29 CFR 1926.1153	Respirable Crystalline Silica (Construction)	3,848	82.1%	$4,297	95.8%	Silica Competent Person
24	29 CFR 1910.151	29 CFR 1910.151	3,541	79.6%	$5,540	83.3%	no CQU exam yet
25	29 CFR 1910.146	Permit-Required Confined Spaces (General Industry)	3,230	86.2%	$9,390	77.5%	Confined Space Competent Person
26	29 CFR 1910.215	Abrasive Wheel Machinery	3,157	86.2%	$3,628	83.4%	Machine Guarding
27	29 CFR 1904.39	29 CFR 1904.39	3,105	3.3%	$6,534	81.2%	no CQU exam yet
28	29 CFR 1910.219	Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus	3,045	90.6%	$7,402	73.6%	Machine Guarding
29	29 CFR 1903.19	29 CFR 1903.19	3,026	0.5%	$476	98.8%	no CQU exam yet
30	29 CFR 1926.652	Excavations: Requirements for Protective Systems	2,813	84.5%	$14,546	91.7%	Excavation Competent Person
31	29 CFR 1926.453	Aerial Lifts	2,779	92.5%	$5,008	97.9%	Scaffold Competent Person
32	29 CFR 1926.1101	Asbestos (Construction)	2,604	79.6%	$5,462	93.1%	Asbestos Awareness
33	29 CFR 1910.1053	Respirable Crystalline Silica (General Industry)	2,554	80.9%	$6,612	89%	Silica Competent Person
34	29 CFR 1910.95	Occupational Noise Exposure	2,511	78.4%	$6,992	81.9%	Hearing Conservation
35	29 CFR 1904.29	29 CFR 1904.29	2,268	0.4%	$1,195	78%	no CQU exam yet
36	29 CFR 1926.21	29 CFR 1926.21	2,123	79.8%	$7,482	92.6%	no CQU exam yet
37	29 CFR 1910.133	Eye and Face Protection (General Industry)	1,867	87%	$5,516	81.2%	Eye & Face PPE
38	29 CFR 1910.213	Woodworking Machinery Requirements	1,829	94.8%	$5,992	81.5%	Machine Guarding
39	29 CFR 1910.107	29 CFR 1910.107	1,748	78%	$4,226	83.7%	no CQU exam yet
40	29 CFR 1910.23	Ladders (General Industry)	1,728	78.5%	$5,886	78.9%	Ladder Safety
41	29 CFR 1926.454	Scaffolds: Training Requirements	1,693	84.5%	$4,266	97.6%	Scaffold Competent Person
42	29 CFR 1910.106	29 CFR 1910.106	1,691	79.7%	$5,506	84.7%	no CQU exam yet
43	29 CFR 1910.141	29 CFR 1910.141	1,667	47.6%	$4,940	77.1%	no CQU exam yet
44	29 CFR 1926.1060	Stairways and Ladders: Training Requirements	1,613	78.1%	$3,977	99.3%	Ladder Safety
45	29 CFR 1910.119	29 CFR 1910.119	1,611	81.2%	$15,100	41%	no CQU exam yet
46	29 CFR 1910.176	29 CFR 1910.176	1,569	76%	$11,121	72.9%	no CQU exam yet
47	29 CFR 1904.40	29 CFR 1904.40	1,553	3.9%	$1,967	86%	no CQU exam yet
48	29 CFR 1910.36	29 CFR 1910.36	1,462	70.7%	$8,719	83.8%	no CQU exam yet
49	29 CFR 1926.405	29 CFR 1926.405	1,436	59.1%	$3,027	96.2%	no CQU exam yet
50	29 CFR 1910.304	29 CFR 1910.304	1,391	72.6%	$4,431	84%	no CQU exam yet
51	29 CFR 1926.416	Electrical: General Requirements (Protection of Employees)	1,376	75.8%	$6,840	95%	NFPA 70E Qualified Person
52	29 CFR 1904.41	29 CFR 1904.41	1,367	1%	$1,689	72.6%	no CQU exam yet
53	29 CFR 1910.253	29 CFR 1910.253	1,325	79.6%	$4,893	85.3%	no CQU exam yet
54	29 CFR 1910.242	29 CFR 1910.242	1,308	80%	$3,610	82.9%	no CQU exam yet
55	29 CFR 1926.1052	29 CFR 1926.1052	1,283	82.7%	$3,455	98.1%	no CQU exam yet
56	29 CFR 1910.334	Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices: Use of Equipment	1,272	58.3%	$4,025	81.4%	NFPA 70E Qualified Person
57	29 CFR 1904.32	29 CFR 1904.32	1,210	2%	$1,572	78.7%	no CQU exam yet
58	29 CFR 1910.1025	29 CFR 1910.1025	1,209	75.5%	$6,951	82.4%	no CQU exam yet
59	29 CFR 1910.29	Walking-Working Surfaces: Fall Protection Systems Criteria	1,154	80.7%	$5,862	78.2%	Walking-Working Surfaces
60	29 CFR 1910.179	29 CFR 1910.179	1,150	65.3%	$8,040	72.9%	no CQU exam yet
61	29 CFR 1910.184	29 CFR 1910.184	1,121	77.9%	$7,157	77%	no CQU exam yet
62	29 CFR 1910.30	Walking-Working Surfaces: Training Requirements	1,082	76.5%	$6,567	82.9%	Walking-Working Surfaces
63	29 CFR 1926.452	Scaffolds: Additional Requirements for Specific Types	1,074	92.3%	$4,691	98.9%	Scaffold Competent Person
64	29 CFR 1926.403	29 CFR 1926.403	939	52%	$3,555	94.1%	no CQU exam yet
65	29 CFR 1910.252	29 CFR 1910.252	911	79.7%	$6,980	77.5%	no CQU exam yet
66	29 CFR 1926.602	29 CFR 1926.602	894	78.7%	$4,638	96.6%	no CQU exam yet
67	29 CFR 1910.1026	29 CFR 1910.1026	881	63.1%	$6,384	69.9%	no CQU exam yet
68	29 CFR 1910.138	29 CFR 1910.138	875	81.5%	$6,622	75%	no CQU exam yet
69	29 CFR 1910.333	Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices: Selection and Use	852	90.8%	$9,441	71%	NFPA 70E Qualified Person
70	29 CFR 1926.50	29 CFR 1926.50	839	45.4%	$3,413	97%	no CQU exam yet
71	29 CFR 1926.62	29 CFR 1926.62	765	81.8%	$4,543	94.8%	no CQU exam yet
72	29 CFR 1910.101	29 CFR 1910.101	762	68.8%	$6,142	82.9%	no CQU exam yet
73	29 CFR 1910.38	Emergency Action Plans	758	43.9%	$5,569	83.1%	Emergency Action Plan
74	29 CFR 1910.1001	Asbestos (General Industry)	688	73.7%	$5,746	73.4%	Asbestos Awareness
75	29 CFR 1926.150	29 CFR 1926.150	665	37.9%	$2,765	97%	no CQU exam yet
76	29 CFR 1910.120	Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER)	662	80.8%	$14,674	75.8%	HAZWOPER
77	29 CFR 1926.1051	29 CFR 1926.1051	640	81.4%	$3,948	98.1%	no CQU exam yet
78	29 CFR 1910.243	29 CFR 1910.243	621	87.4%	$5,918	86.3%	no CQU exam yet
79	29 CFR 1910.244	29 CFR 1910.244	612	75.7%	$3,614	85.9%	no CQU exam yet
80	29 CFR 1910.110	29 CFR 1910.110	564	62.2%	$4,142	86%	no CQU exam yet
81	29 CFR 1926.404	29 CFR 1926.404	551	55.7%	$3,014	97.6%	no CQU exam yet
82	29 CFR 1910.217	29 CFR 1910.217	549	88.3%	$8,402	77.8%	no CQU exam yet
83	29 CFR 1926.300	29 CFR 1926.300	548	86.9%	$3,938	97.6%	no CQU exam yet
84	29 CFR 1926.701	29 CFR 1926.701	512	81.4%	$4,572	93.2%	no CQU exam yet
85	29 CFR 1910.67	29 CFR 1910.67	499	92.4%	$5,775	90.8%	no CQU exam yet
86	29 CFR 1910.145	29 CFR 1910.145	478	38.7%	$8,424	66.3%	no CQU exam yet
87	29 CFR 1926.760	Steel Erection: Fall Protection	476	90.5%	$8,984	97.5%	Steel Erection Competent Person
88	29 CFR 1926.25	29 CFR 1926.25	459	59.5%	$3,919	94.6%	no CQU exam yet
89	29 CFR 1910.1000	29 CFR 1910.1000	433	89.1%	$13,573	69.3%	no CQU exam yet
90	29 CFR 1910.335	Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices: Safeguards for Personnel	430	87.7%	$11,076	61.2%	NFPA 70E Qualified Person
91	29 CFR 1910.272	29 CFR 1910.272	418	82.3%	$14,151	93.5%	no CQU exam yet
92	29 CFR 1926.251	29 CFR 1926.251	408	65%	$6,444	88.2%	no CQU exam yet
93	29 CFR 1910.25	29 CFR 1910.25	404	75%	$4,985	80.7%	no CQU exam yet
94	29 CFR 1926.95	29 CFR 1926.95	401	76.8%	$4,676	96%	no CQU exam yet
95	29 CFR 1926.304	29 CFR 1926.304	392	97.2%	$3,778	98%	no CQU exam yet
96	29 CFR 1910.269	29 CFR 1910.269	383	86.9%	$12,574	59.3%	no CQU exam yet
97	29 CFR 1910.156	29 CFR 1910.156	377	88.9%	$4,374	93.4%	no CQU exam yet
98	29 CFR 1904.33	29 CFR 1904.33	356	0.6%	$1,984	90.4%	no CQU exam yet
99	29 CFR 1904.4	29 CFR 1904.4	356	1.1%	$1,473	83.7%	no CQU exam yet
100	29 CFR 1910.140	29 CFR 1910.140	353	85%	$8,184	77.6%	no CQU exam yet
101	29 CFR 1910.266	29 CFR 1910.266	331	76.4%	$5,680	98.5%	no CQU exam yet
102	29 CFR 1910.1052	29 CFR 1910.1052	323	82.4%	$5,748	87.6%	no CQU exam yet
103	29 CFR 1910.332	Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices: Training	299	87.3%	$8,601	70.6%	NFPA 70E Qualified Person
104	29 CFR 1910.135	29 CFR 1910.135	298	85.6%	$6,596	79.2%	no CQU exam yet
105	29 CFR 1910.1048	29 CFR 1910.1048	283	69.3%	$6,254	66.4%	no CQU exam yet
106	29 CFR 1926.51	29 CFR 1926.51	258	45%	$2,763	97.7%	no CQU exam yet
107	29 CFR 1926.1412	29 CFR 1926.1412	252	69.8%	$5,747	93.7%	no CQU exam yet
108	29 CFR 1910.307	29 CFR 1910.307	250	85.2%	$8,833	74.4%	no CQU exam yet
109	29 CFR 1926.200	29 CFR 1926.200	237	75.5%	$10,865	89%	no CQU exam yet
110	29 CFR 1910.1450	29 CFR 1910.1450	232	72%	$3,712	62.5%	no CQU exam yet
111	29 CFR 1926.28	29 CFR 1926.28	228	83.3%	$4,771	95.6%	no CQU exam yet
112	29 CFR 1910.136	29 CFR 1910.136	224	83.5%	$6,136	72.3%	no CQU exam yet
113	29 CFR 1926.152	29 CFR 1926.152	213	60.6%	$4,142	97.2%	no CQU exam yet
114	29 CFR 1910.265	29 CFR 1910.265	199	90.5%	$10,054	87.4%	no CQU exam yet
115	29 CFR 1926.552	29 CFR 1926.552	198	75.8%	$4,198	97%	no CQU exam yet
116	29 CFR 1904.30	29 CFR 1904.30	193	0.5%	$1,845	79.8%	no CQU exam yet
117	29 CFR 1928.57	29 CFR 1928.57	191	90.6%	$10,052	78.5%	no CQU exam yet
118	29 CFR 1910.177	29 CFR 1910.177	188	90.4%	$8,276	91%	no CQU exam yet
119	29 CFR 1926.850	29 CFR 1926.850	185	81.1%	$11,539	94.1%	no CQU exam yet
120	29 CFR 1910.263	29 CFR 1910.263	181	89.5%	$7,964	76.8%	no CQU exam yet
121	29 CFR 1926.1203	29 CFR 1926.1203	180	68.9%	$10,579	85%	no CQU exam yet
122	29 CFR 1926.1427	29 CFR 1926.1427	175	77.1%	$8,692	90.9%	no CQU exam yet
123	29 CFR 1926.302	29 CFR 1926.302	175	90.3%	$2,261	98.3%	no CQU exam yet
124	29 CFR 1910.254	29 CFR 1910.254	144	71.5%	$6,127	78.5%	no CQU exam yet
125	29 CFR 1926.303	29 CFR 1926.303	141	94.3%	$3,826	93.6%	no CQU exam yet
126	29 CFR 1926.761	29 CFR 1926.761	138	87%	$5,923	95.7%	no CQU exam yet
127	29 CFR 1926.34	29 CFR 1926.34	137	54%	$4,340	77.4%	no CQU exam yet
128	29 CFR 1910.268	29 CFR 1910.268	136	84.6%	$9,845	89%	no CQU exam yet
129	29 CFR 1910.165	29 CFR 1910.165	136	66.9%	$10,532	50.7%	no CQU exam yet
130	29 CFR 1926.1204	Confined Spaces in Construction: General Requirements	136	83.1%	$14,011	97.1%	Confined Space Competent Person
131	29 CFR 1926.600	29 CFR 1926.600	135	74.1%	$9,154	89.6%	no CQU exam yet
132	29 CFR 1910.180	29 CFR 1910.180	130	63.8%	$5,809	90%	no CQU exam yet
133	29 CFR 1910.94	29 CFR 1910.94	128	78.1%	$6,827	80.5%	no CQU exam yet
134	29 CFR 1910.142	29 CFR 1910.142	126	13.5%	$4,790	86.5%	no CQU exam yet
135	29 CFR 1904.7	29 CFR 1904.7	121	4.1%	$2,127	52.1%	no CQU exam yet
136	29 CFR 1926.601	29 CFR 1926.601	119	71.4%	$5,588	95.8%	no CQU exam yet
137	29 CFR 1926.1425	29 CFR 1926.1425	117	82.1%	$7,530	89.7%	no CQU exam yet
138	29 CFR 1910.1027	29 CFR 1910.1027	104	70.2%	$9,740	54.8%	no CQU exam yet
139	29 CFR 1910.27	29 CFR 1910.27	100	78%	$12,253	75%	no CQU exam yet
140	29 CFR 1926.350	29 CFR 1926.350	100	61%	$4,830	89%	no CQU exam yet
141	29 CFR 1910.39	29 CFR 1910.39	97	28.9%	$2,953	83.5%	no CQU exam yet
142	29 CFR 1926.1417	29 CFR 1926.1417	95	86.3%	$13,720	78.9%	no CQU exam yet
143	29 CFR 1926.153	29 CFR 1926.153	95	72.6%	$3,157	90.5%	no CQU exam yet
144	29 CFR 1910.159	29 CFR 1910.159	93	32.3%	$7,544	69.9%	no CQU exam yet
145	29 CFR 1926.960	29 CFR 1926.960	92	88%	$18,177	79.3%	no CQU exam yet
146	29 CFR 1926.106	29 CFR 1926.106	90	83.3%	$13,300	84.4%	no CQU exam yet
147	29 CFR 1926.417	29 CFR 1926.417	89	87.6%	$6,835	94.4%	no CQU exam yet
148	29 CFR 1910.124	29 CFR 1910.124	87	79.3%	$5,247	65.5%	no CQU exam yet
149	29 CFR 1926.55	29 CFR 1926.55	87	88.5%	$12,422	92%	no CQU exam yet
150	29 CFR 1910.9	29 CFR 1910.9	86	44.2%	$11,778	52.3%	no CQU exam yet
151	29 CFR 1926.59	29 CFR 1926.59	82	22%	$3,156	95.1%	no CQU exam yet
152	29 CFR 1910.144	29 CFR 1910.144	80	80%	$4,277	83.8%	no CQU exam yet
153	29 CFR 1910.1018	29 CFR 1910.1018	79	88.6%	$9,997	73.4%	no CQU exam yet
154	29 CFR 1926.1408	29 CFR 1926.1408	75	93.3%	$11,623	94.7%	no CQU exam yet
155	29 CFR 1926.252	29 CFR 1926.252	72	83.3%	$5,940	98.6%	no CQU exam yet
156	29 CFR 1926.352	29 CFR 1926.352	68	77.9%	$10,964	82.4%	no CQU exam yet
157	29 CFR 1926.1428	29 CFR 1926.1428	67	56.7%	$3,444	94%	no CQU exam yet
158	29 CFR 1926.306	29 CFR 1926.306	66	19.7%	$3,027	100%	no CQU exam yet
159	29 CFR 1904.1	29 CFR 1904.1	64	0%	$3,676	95.3%	no CQU exam yet
160	29 CFR 1910.1020	29 CFR 1910.1020	64	26.6%	$6,484	64.1%	no CQU exam yet
161	29 CFR 1903.2	29 CFR 1903.2	63	3.2%	$799	90.5%	no CQU exam yet
162	29 CFR 1926.1207	29 CFR 1926.1207	63	61.9%	$8,665	95.2%	no CQU exam yet
163	29 CFR 1904.31	29 CFR 1904.31	61	11.5%	$1,644	77%	no CQU exam yet
164	29 CFR 1910.1024	29 CFR 1910.1024	60	75%	$6,629	80%	no CQU exam yet
165	29 CFR 1917.26	29 CFR 1917.26	59	32.2%	$5,641	84.7%	no CQU exam yet
166	29 CFR 1926.351	29 CFR 1926.351	57	70.2%	$4,506	96.5%	no CQU exam yet
167	29 CFR 1915.73	29 CFR 1915.73	56	83.9%	$12,957	42.9%	no CQU exam yet
168	29 CFR 1910.137	29 CFR 1910.137	55	72.7%	$8,898	49.1%	no CQU exam yet
169	29 CFR 1926.1431	29 CFR 1926.1431	55	90.9%	$8,622	80%	no CQU exam yet
170	29 CFR 1926.703	29 CFR 1926.703	54	81.5%	$11,482	83.3%	no CQU exam yet
171	29 CFR 1926.1413	29 CFR 1926.1413	53	43.4%	$6,424	96.2%	no CQU exam yet
172	29 CFR 1926.1127	29 CFR 1926.1127	53	15.1%	$1,592	100%	no CQU exam yet

US DOL Open Data Portal, OSHA Violation + Inspection extracts (data.dol.gov) · federal 29 CFR citations only, 2023-01-01–2026-07-30

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Cite this data

CertQuestUSA. (2026). OSHA citations by standard [Data set]. Compliance Risk Index. https://certquestusa.com/risk-index#osha

FMCSA roadside inspection violations

Ranked by real inspection volume with a violation recorded in each of FMCSA's own 6 BASIC categories, out of 5,861,940 real inspections. OOS rate is the real share that resulted in a real out-of-service order. This dataset is national-only — the state filter above doesn't apply here since FMCSA's extract doesn't carry a per-inspection state field CQU has ingested.

Vehicle Maintenance drew 1,914,895 real inspection violations — more than the next two combined.

Vehicle Maintenance

1,914,895

Unsafe Driving

609,590

Hours-of-Service Compliance

443,495

Driver Fitness

335,764

Hazardous Materials Compliance

29,960

Controlled Substances/Alcohol

12,993

#	BASIC category	Volume	OOS rate	CQU exam
1	Vehicle Maintenance	1,914,895	14.78%	DOT Vehicle Inspection
2	Unsafe Driving	609,590	not in this extract	CDL General Knowledge
3	Hours-of-Service Compliance	443,495	not in this extract	Hours of Service / ELD
4	Driver Fitness	335,764	5.88%	DOT Medical Qualification
5	Hazardous Materials Compliance	29,960	0.24%	CDL Hazardous Materials Endorsement
6	Controlled Substances/Alcohol	12,993	not in this extract	DOT Reasonable Suspicion

US FMCSA Safety Measurement System (SMS) input data · inspections since 2023-01-01, data last refreshed 2026-08-30

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CertQuestUSA. (2026). FMCSA roadside inspection violations [Data set]. Compliance Risk Index. https://certquestusa.com/risk-index#fmcsa

CMS nursing-home deficiencies

Ranked by real deficiency-citation volume by category, all Medicare/Medicaid-certified US nursing homes, 2017–2026. Avg. penalty is the real average civil money fine among the facilities cited under that category — a facility-level correlation, not a strict per-citation attribution. Mapped to CNA as a real workplace-relevance connection — these are citations at the facilities nurse aides work in, not a claim that CNA exam domains map 1:1 to these CMS survey categories.

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies drew 107,674 real deficiency citations, the most of any row in this table.

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

107,674

Resident Rights Deficiencies

64,606

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

61,052

Pharmacy Service Deficiencies

44,754

Nutrition and Dietary Deficiencies

37,747

Infection Control Deficiencies

32,018

Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies

31,631

Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies

15,091

#	Deficiency category	Volume ↓	Avg. penalty	CQU exam
1	Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies	107,674	$34,624	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
2	Resident Rights Deficiencies	64,606	$35,153	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
3	Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies	61,052	$34,853	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
4	Pharmacy Service Deficiencies	44,754	$35,245	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
5	Nutrition and Dietary Deficiencies	37,747	$35,142	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
6	Infection Control Deficiencies	32,018	$35,095	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
7	Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies	31,631	$36,966	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
8	Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies	15,091	$38,330	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
9	Administration Deficiencies	13,250	$38,811	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
10	Environmental Deficiencies	11,656	$38,271	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test

CMS Provider Data Catalog: Health Deficiencies (r5ix-sfxw) + Penalties (g6vv-u9sr) · real survey dates 2017-03-23–2026-07-23

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Cite this data

CertQuestUSA. (2026). CMS nursing-home deficiencies [Data set]. Compliance Risk Index. https://certquestusa.com/risk-index#cmsNh

What these jobs pay (national)

Real US Bureau of Labor Statistics wage and employment data, not an enforcement number. Employment is the real estimated number of people working in that occupation. Median wage is the real annual median. Where BLS itself withheld a state estimate for too few reporting employers, that state simply isn't in the table below — nothing stands in for a suppressed real number.

Nurse Anesthetists has the highest real median wage we track at $236,590 per year.

Nurse Anesthetists

236,590

Pharmacists

140,910

Nurse Midwives

134,040

Nurse Practitioners

132,300

Commercial Pilots

123,220

Personal Financial Advisors

105,070

Registered Nurses

97,550

Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health

82,220

#	SOC	Occupation	Employment	Median wage ↓	Hourly median	CQU exam(s)
1	29-1151	Nurse Anesthetists	51,840	$236,590	$113.75	no CQU exam yet
2	29-1051	Pharmacists	321,970	$140,910	$67.75	no CQU exam yet
3	29-1161	Nurse Midwives	7,920	$134,040	$64.44	no CQU exam yet
4	29-1171	Nurse Practitioners	323,040	$132,300	$63.61	Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) Certification
5	53-2012	Commercial Pilots	47,630	$123,220	—	FAA Commercial Pilot Airplane (CAX), FAA Flight Instructor Airplane (FIA), FAA Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI), FAA Instrument Rating Airplane (IRA), FAA Private Pilot Airplane (PAR)
6	13-2052	Personal Financial Advisors	266,800	$105,070	$50.51	NASAA Series 65 (Uniform Investment Adviser Law Examination), CFP Certification Examination Practice
7	29-1141	Registered Nurses	3,379,720	$97,550	$46.90	ATI TEAS Version 7, NCLEX-RN
8	19-2041	Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health	89,250	$82,220	$39.53	EPA SPCC Compliance, EPA Stormwater / SWPPP, EPA Underground Storage Tank Operator
9	49-3011	Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians	138,090	$79,870	$38.40	FAA Aviation Mechanic Airframe (AMA), FAA Aviation Mechanic General (AMG), FAA Aviation Mechanic Powerplant (AMP)
10	41-3031	Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents	489,570	$78,660	$37.82	NASAA Series 63 (Uniform Securities Agent State Law), FINRA Series 7 (General Securities Representative), FINRA Securities Industry Essentials (SIE), CFA Level II Practice (Item Sets), CFA Level III Practice (Item Sets + Constructed Response), SAFE Mortgage Loan Originator (MLO) National Test with UST, NASAA Series 66 (Uniform Combined State Law Examination)
11	13-1031	Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators	324,230	$78,000	$37.50	Claims Adjuster, Claims Adjuster License (DC), Claims Adjuster (Georgia), Claims Adjuster License (HI), Independent Adjuster License (ID), Claims Adjuster License (MD), Claims Adjuster License (Maine), Claims Adjuster License (MS), Claims Adjuster License (NE), Claims Adjuster License (NH), Claims Adjuster License (New Mexico), Claims Adjuster License (NV), Claims Adjuster License (WV)
12	25-2059	Special Education Teachers, All Other	33,930	$76,580	—	Praxis Special Education: Foundational Knowledge (5355)
13	29-2031	Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians	62,960	$74,310	$35.73	NHA Certified EKG Technician (CET)
14	41-9021	Real Estate Brokers	46,100	$73,220	$35.20	Real Estate Broker (National/Core), Managing Broker (Washington), Real Estate Broker (Georgia), Real Estate Broker (New York), Real Estate Broker (Ohio)
15	25-2031	Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education	1,065,210	$72,040	—	OAE Assessment of Professional Knowledge — Adolescence to Young Adult (7-12)
16	53-7021	Crane and Tower Operators	42,890	$68,080	$32.73	Crane Rigging & Signal Person
17	29-2061	Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses	648,410	$64,400	$30.96	NCLEX-PN
18	25-2022	Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education	620,090	$64,370	—	OAE Assessment of Professional Knowledge — Middle Childhood (4-9), Praxis Middle School Mathematics (5164)
19	25-2021	Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education	1,388,390	$63,970	—	OAE Assessment of Professional Knowledge — Primary Education (PK-5), ORELA Elementary Education Subtest I (102), Praxis Elementary Education: Reading and Language Arts (5002), Praxis Teaching Reading: Elementary Education (5205), Praxis Principles of Learning and Teaching: K-6 (5622), Wisconsin Foundations of Reading Test (890), MTEL / NES Essential Academic Skills — Reading (NT001), MTEL / NES Essential Academic Skills — Writing (NT002), NYSTCE Educating All Students (EAS), Praxis Core Academic Skills: Mathematics (5733), Praxis Core Academic Skills: Reading (5713), Praxis Core Academic Skills: Writing (5723), Virginia Communication and Literacy Assessment (VCLA)
20	47-2221	Structural Iron and Steel Workers	68,380	$62,780	$30.18	Steel Erection Competent Person
21	41-3021	Insurance Sales Agents	479,100	$62,280	$29.94	Health Insurance Producer, Life & Health Insurance Producer, Life Insurance Producer, Personal Lines Insurance Producer, Property & Casualty Insurance Producer, Health Insurance Producer License (DC), Health Insurance Producer License (HI), Health Insurance Producer License (ID), Health Insurance Producer License (Maine), Health Insurance Producer License (NE), Health Insurance Producer License (NH), Health Insurance Producer License (New Mexico), Health Insurance Producer License (WV), Life, Accident & Health Insurance Producer License (DC), Life, Accident & Health Insurance Producer License (HI), Life, Accident & Health Insurance Producer License (ID), Life, Accident & Health Insurance Producer (Maine), Life, Accident & Health Insurance Producer License (NE), Life, Accident & Health Insurance Producer License (NH), Life, Accident & Health Insurance Producer License (NM), Life, Accident & Health Insurance Producer License (WV), Personal Lines Insurance Producer License (DC), Personal Lines Insurance Producer License (HI), Personal Lines Insurance Producer License (ID), Personal Lines Insurance Producer (Maine), Personal Lines Insurance Producer (Nebraska), Personal Lines Insurance Producer License (NH), Personal Lines Insurance Producer (New Mexico), Personal Lines Insurance Producer License (WV)
22	49-9021	Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers	409,670	$61,010	$29.33	EPA 608 Type I, EPA 608 Type II, EPA 608 Type III, EPA 608 Universal
23	29-2043	Paramedics	100,610	$60,600	$29.13	NREMT Paramedic Practice Test
24	53-3032	Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers	2,062,040	$58,640	$28.19	Cargo Securement, CDL Air Brakes, CDL Combination Vehicles, CDL Doubles/Triples Endorsement, CDL General Knowledge, CDL Hazardous Materials Endorsement, CDL Passenger Vehicle Endorsement, CDL School Bus Endorsement, CDL Tanker Vehicle Endorsement, DOT Clearinghouse — Driver, DOT Hazmat Awareness, DOT Medical Qualification, DOT Reasonable Suspicion, DOT Roadside Inspection, DOT Vehicle Inspection, Hours of Service / ELD
25	41-9022	Real Estate Sales Agents	193,370	$52,830	$25.40	Real Estate Salesperson (National/Core), Real Estate Salesperson License (CT), Real Estate Salesperson License (DC), Real Estate Salesperson License (HI), Real Estate Salesperson License (ID), Real Estate Sales Agent (Maine), Real Estate Salesperson License (NE), Real Estate Salesperson License (NH), Real Estate Salesperson (New Jersey), Real Estate Salesperson License (NM), Real Estate Salesperson (West Virginia)
26	29-2072	Medical Records Specialists	194,720	$51,140	$24.59	NHA Certified Billing and Coding Specialist (CBCS)
27	47-4041	Hazardous Materials Removal Workers	51,710	$49,450	$23.78	EPA Asbestos AHERA Inspector, EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Generator, EPA Universal Waste Handler, EPA Lead RRP Certification
28	53-7051	Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators	774,420	$46,420	$22.32	Forklift Operator
29	37-3012	Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation	27,050	$46,340	$22.28	EPA Pesticide Applicator — Core, EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (CT), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (DC), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (HI), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (ID), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (MA), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (MD), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (ME), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (NE), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (NH), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (NM), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (TN), EPA Pesticide Applicator — Core (Texas), EPA Pesticide Applicator (Core) (WV)
30	43-6013	Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants	961,610	$45,930	$22.08	NHA Certified Medical Administrative Assistant (CMAA)
31	29-2052	Pharmacy Technicians	471,680	$45,750	$22.00	PTCB Pharmacy Technician Practice Test
32	31-9092	Medical Assistants	817,870	$45,690	$21.97	CCMA Clinical Medical Assistant Practice Test
33	31-9097	Phlebotomists	143,540	$45,230	$21.75	CPT Phlebotomy Technician Practice Test
34	29-2042	Emergency Medical Technicians	180,510	$44,470	$21.38	NREMT EMT Practice Test
35	35-1012	First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers	1,223,240	$44,080	$21.19	Food Manager
36	31-1131	Nursing Assistants	1,448,910	$42,260	$20.32	CNA / Nurse Aide Practice Test
37	35-2021	Food Preparation Workers	893,600	$35,320	$16.98	Food Handler

US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) · May 2025 reference period

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Cite this data

CertQuestUSA. (2026). What these jobs pay [Data set]. Compliance Risk Index. https://certquestusa.com/risk-index#bls

Frequently asked questions

What data does the Compliance Risk Index actually use?

Five real federal datasets, each scored separately rather than blended into one fake composite: the DOL Open Data Portal's OSHA citation records, EPA's RCRAInfo enforcement records, FMCSA's Safety Measurement System inspection data, CMS's nursing-home deficiency and penalty records, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics.

Is the Risk Index an estimate or a prediction?

No -- every number is pulled directly from the real dataset it cites, not modeled or estimated. The first four tables measure real enforcement history (how often something goes wrong in that line of work); the BLS table measures real pay and employment volume, which is a different kind of real number entirely.

Why do some exams show no risk ranking?

Because the underlying federal data doesn't support one, and we'd rather show nothing than fabricate a number. OSHA Safety & Health, HIPAA/Healthcare Compliance, and Workplace Compliance/HR exams mostly have no BLS ranking because they're training taken across many different occupations, not one distinct job with its own occupation code. FMCSA enforcement data is national-only. OSHA federal data doesn't cover state-plan citations (Cal/OSHA and similar), which is why some California-specific OSHA exams show no enforcement ranking.

Is the Compliance Risk Index free to use?

Yes -- the Risk Index is free, filterable by the states CertQuestUSA has real state-specific exam coverage for, and doesn't require an account.

How do I cite this data?

Each dataset section below has a "Cite this data" block with ready-to-use APA, MLA, and Chicago citations. Full sourcing, real update cadence, and how every metric is computed live at certquestusa.com/risk-index/methodology.