Which private land-use control is most likely created by deed restrictions or subdivision covenants?
A. An ad valorem tax bill
B. A zoning ordinance
C. Eminent domain
D. A restrictive covenant
Source: Cornell Legal Information Institute, Wex — 'restrictive covenant,' private restrictions affecting land use; https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/restrictive_covenant
Voluntary alienation of real property generally means what?
A. Transfer by the owner's intentional act, such as sale or gift
B. Property taken by eminent domain only
C. Property lost through escheat only
D. A lender ordering an appraisal
Source: Cornell Legal Information Institute, Wex — 'alienation,' voluntary transfer of property rights; https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/alienation
Which is an example of involuntary alienation?
A. Owner signs a deed to sell property voluntarily
B. Foreclosure transfers property after default according to law
C. Owner gives property as a gift
D. Owner lists the property for sale
Source: Cornell Legal Information Institute, Wex — 'foreclosure,' legal process following mortgage default that can result in forced transfer/sale; https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/foreclosure
A neighboring owner has the legal right to cross part of another owner's driveway to reach a public road. What is this right most commonly called?
A. A lien
B. A leasehold estate
C. A tax assessment
D. An easement
Source: Cornell Legal Information Institute, Wex — 'easement,' definition and affirmative access example; https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/easement
Which item is generally classified as real property rather than personal property?
A. A freestanding refrigerator that the tenant can unplug and remove
B. A trade fixture installed by a commercial tenant for its business use
C. Land and improvements permanently attached to the land
D. Furniture placed in a model home for staging
Source: Cornell Legal Information Institute, Wex — 'real property,' paragraphs defining land, permanent attachments, and personal property; https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/real_property
